Dickkopf-1 in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Novel Indicator of Inflammation, Bone Destruction, and Disability
Keywords:
Dickkopf-1, Rheumatoid Arthritis, DisabilityAbstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovitis, systemic inflammation,
and progressive joint destruction, leading to functional disability and decreased quality of life. A key feature of RA is the
imbalance between bone formation and resorption, primarily driven by pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulated
signaling pathways. Among these, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway plays a crucial role in bone metabolism. Dickkopf
1 (DKK-1), a secreted glycoprotein and a natural inhibitor of this pathway
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