Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of A Single-Cylinder Four-Stroke Diesel Engine Using Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance and emission characteristics of a single-cylinder, four-stroke, direct-injection diesel engine operating with alternative fuel blends, including B20 (20% biodiesel, 80% diesel), E10 (10% ethanol, 90% diesel), and hydrogen-enriched diesel (H₂-Diesel). The engine was tested under five different load conditions (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) at a constant speed of 1500 rpm using an eddy current dynamometer. Performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), specific fuel consumption (SFC), and engine torque were measured, along with emission characteristics, including NOx, CO, HC, and particulate matter (PM), using AVL gas analyzers and a smoke meter. The results indicate that H₂-Diesel achieved the highest BTE and lowest SFC, demonstrating improved combustion efficiency. E10 reduced NOx and PM emissions, while B20 exhibited slightly higher NOx emissions but reduced CO and HC levels. These findings highlight the potential of hydrogen-enriched diesel as an effective strategy for optimizing diesel engine performance while minimizing environmental impact.