Renal Implications of Congenital Heart Diseases: The Predictive Role of Microalbuminuria

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are the most prevalent congenital anomalies, with growing survival rates owing to medical and surgical advancements. However, these children remain vulnerable to long-term complications, including renal impairment, which often remains undetected until significant dysfunction occurs. Microalbuminuria—defined as urinary albumin excretion between 30–300 mg/day—has emerged as a sensitive, early indicator of subclinical kidney injury. This review explores the current understanding of the predictive value of microalbuminuria in assessing renal involvement among children with CHD.