Comprehensive Biochemical Profiling of Key Serum Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Patients: Pre- and Post-Mastectomy Comparative Analysis

Abstract

Breast cancer is, undoubtedly, the leading cause of cancer-related human casualities among females, making early detection and accurate diagnosis increasingly essential for improving outcomes. Molecular advancements have aided in identifying biomarkers that inform therapy and prognosis. This article reports on blood samples taken from 70 females before and after having surgical tumor removal, along with 20 samples from a control group. Many biomarker enzymes were analyzed, including H-Interferon (IFN-γ), Mammaglobin-A (SCGB2A2), Indoleamine-2,3-deoxygenase (IDO), Amyloid Beta peptide (Aβ), Acetylcholine carboxylase 1 (ACC1), Selenium binding protein (SELENBP1), and Acetylcholine Esterase (AChE). The findings indicated that Mammaglobin-A (SCGB2A2) levels increased before surgery and decreased afterward, emphasizing its diagnostic significance and the effectiveness of tumor removal. Indoleamine-2,3-deoxygenase (IDO) and Amyloid Beta peptide (Aβ) levels were elevated prior to surgery, associated with immune evasion and tumor aggressiveness, but showed a decline post-surgery. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase 1 (ACC1) and Selenium-binding Protein 1 (SELENBP1) indicated metabolic changes, while Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels remained low, particularly in older patients, which may influence immune recovery. These findings significantly emphasize the importance of biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment.